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Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events, most commonly protein phosphorylation catalyzed by protein kinases, which ultimately results in a cellular response. Proteins responsible for detecting stimuli are generally termed receptors, although in some cases the term sensor is used. The changes elicited by ligand binding (or signal sensing) in a receptor give rise to a biochemical cascade, which is a chain of biochemical events known as a signaling pathway.

Cellular Processes

Environmental Information Processing

01. PI3K-Akt signaling pathway    (View pathway)

02. Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)    (View pathway)

03. ECM-receptor interaction    (View pathway)

04. Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction    (View pathway)

05. mTOR signaling pathway    (View pathway)

06. AMPK signaling pathway    (View pathway)

07. cGMP-PKG signaling pathway    (View pathway)

08. Ras signaling pathway    (View pathway)

09. MAPK signaling pathway    (View pathway)

10. ErbB signaling pathway    (View pathway)

11. Wnt signaling pathway    (View pathway)

12. Notch signaling pathway    (View pathway)

13. Hedgehog signaling pathway    (View pathway)

14. TGF-beta signaling pathway    (View pathway)

15. Hippo signaling pathway    (View pathway)

16. Hippo signaling pathway - multiple species    (View pathway)

17. VEGF signaling pathway    (View pathway)

18. Apelin signaling pathway    (View pathway)

19. Jak-STAT signaling pathway    (View pathway)

20. NF-kappa B signaling pathway    (View pathway)

21. TNF signaling pathway    (View pathway)

22. HIF-1 signaling pathway    (View pathway)

23. FoxO signaling pathway    (View pathway)

24. Calcium signaling pathway    (View pathway)

25. Phospholipase D signaling pathway    (View pathway)

26. Sphingolipid signaling pathway    (View pathway)

27. cAMP signaling pathway    (View pathway)

Genetic Information Processing

01. Sulfur relay system    (View pathway)

02. Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis    (View pathway)

Human Diseases

01. Non-small cell lung cancer    (View pathway)

02. Small cell lung cancer    (View pathway)

03. Breast cancer    (View pathway)

04. Endometrial cancer    (View pathway)

05. Prostate cancer    (View pathway)

06. Renal cell carcinoma    (View pathway)

07. Melanoma    (View pathway)

08. Basal cell carcinoma    (View pathway)

09. Acute myeloid leukemia    (View pathway)

10. Thyroid cancer    (View pathway)

11. Glioma    (View pathway)

12. Hepatocellular carcinoma    (View pathway)

13. Pancreatic cancer    (View pathway)

14. Colorectal cancer    (View pathway)

15. Central carbon metabolism in cancer    (View pathway)

16. Pathways in cancer    (View pathway)

Organismal Systems

01. Chemokine signaling pathway    (View pathway)

02. Hematopoietic cell lineage    (View pathway)

03. Complement and coagulation cascades    (View pathway)

04. Platelet activation    (View pathway)

05. Toll-like receptor signaling pathway    (View pathway)

06. NOD-like receptor signaling pathway    (View pathway)

07. RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway    (View pathway)

08. Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity    (View pathway)

09. Antigen processing and presentation    (View pathway)

10. Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation    (View pathway)

11. IL-17 signaling pathway    (View pathway)

12. B cell receptor signaling pathway    (View pathway)

13. Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway    (View pathway)

14. Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis    (View pathway)

15. Leukocyte transendothelial migration    (View pathway)

16. Intestinal immune network for IgA production    (View pathway)

17. Insulin secretion    (View pathway)

18. Circadian rhythm    (View pathway)

19. Longevity regulating pathway - multiple species    (View pathway)

20. Longevity regulating pathway    (View pathway)

21. Osteoclast differentiation    (View pathway)

22. Inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels    (View pathway)

23. Neurotrophin signaling pathway    (View pathway)

24. Adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes    (View pathway)

25. Cardiac muscle contraction    (View pathway)

26. Renin-angiotensin system    (View pathway)

27. Thyroid hormone signaling pathway    (View pathway)

28. Prolactin signaling pathway    (View pathway)

29. Estrogen signaling pathway    (View pathway)

30. GnRH signaling pathway    (View pathway)

31. Insulin signaling pathway    (View pathway)