Phospho-Smad1/5/9 (Ser463+Ser465) Antibody - #AF8313

(10)   (9)  
製品: Phospho-Smad1/5/9 (Ser463+Ser465) Antibody
カタログ: AF8313
タンパク質の説明: Rabbit polyclonal antibody to Phospho-Smad1/5/9 (Ser463+Ser465)
アプリケーション: WB IHC
反応性: Human, Rat, Monkey
予測: Pig, Zebrafish, Bovine, Sheep, Rabbit, Dog, Chicken, Xenopus
分子量: 56kDa; 52kD(Calculated).
ユニプロット: Q15797 | Q99717 | O15198
RRID: AB_2840375

類似製品を見る>>

   サイズ 価格 在庫状況
 100ul $350 在庫あり
 200ul $450 在庫あり

リードタイム: 当日配達

For pricing and ordering contact:
お問い合わせ先
関連ダウンロード
MS Report
HPLC Report
MSDS
説明書
COA
プロトコル
WB Handbook
IHC Protocol
IF/ICC Protocol

製品説明

ソース:
Rabbit
アプリケーション:
WB 1:1000-3000, IHC 1:50-1:200
*The optimal dilutions should be determined by the end user.
*Tips:

WB: For western blot detection of denatured protein samples. IHC: For immunohistochemical detection of paraffin sections (IHC-p) or frozen sections (IHC-f) of tissue samples. IF/ICC: For immunofluorescence detection of cell samples. ELISA(peptide): For ELISA detection of antigenic peptide.

反応性:
Human,Rat,Monkey
予測:
Pig(100%), Zebrafish(100%), Bovine(100%), Sheep(100%), Rabbit(100%), Dog(100%), Chicken(100%), Xenopus(100%)
クローナリティ:
Polyclonal
特異性:
Phospho-Smad1/5/9 (Ser463+Ser465) Antibody detects endogenous levels of Smad1/5/9 only when phosphorylated at Ser463+Ser465.
RRID:
AB_2840375
引用形式: Affinity Biosciences Cat# AF8313, RRID:AB_2840375.
コンジュゲート:
Unconjugated.
精製:
The antibody is from purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-peptide and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
保存:
Rabbit IgG in phosphate buffered saline , pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol. Store at -20 °C. Stable for 12 months from date of receipt.
別名:

折りたたみ／展開

BSP-1; BSP1; HsMAD1; JV4-1; JV41; MAD homolog 1; MAD mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 1; Mad related protein 1; Mad-related protein 1; MADH1; MADR1; Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 1; Mothers against DPP homolog 1; SMA- AND MAD-RELATED PROTEIN 1; SMAD 1; SMAD family member 1; SMAD mothers against DPP homolog 1; Smad1; SMAD1_HUMAN; TGF beta signaling protein 1; Transforming growth factor-beta-signaling protein 1; DKFZp781C1895; DKFZp781O1323; Dwfc; hSmad5; JV5 1; JV5-1; MAD homolog 5; MAD, mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 5; MADH 5; MADH5; Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 5; mothers against decapentaplegic, drosophila, homolog of, 5; Mothers against DPP homolog 5; MusMLP; SMA and MAD related protein 5; SMAD 5; SMAD family member 5; SMAD, mothers against DPP homolog 5; Smad5; SMAD5_HUMAN; MAD homolog 9; Madh6; Mothers against decapentaplegic; Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 9; Mothers against DPP homolog 9; SMAD 9; SMAD family member 9; SMAD, mothers against DPP homolog 9 (Drosophila); SMAD8A; SMAD8B; Smad9; SMAD9_HUMAN;

免疫原

免疫原:
Uniprot:

Q15797(SMAD1_HUMAN) >>Visit HPA database.

Q99717(SMAD5_HUMAN) >>Visit HPA database.

O15198(SMAD9_HUMAN) >>Visit HPA database.

遺伝子(ID):
SMAD5(4090) | SMAD1(4086) | SMAD9(4093)
発現特異性:
Q15797 SMAD1_HUMAN:

Ubiquitous. Highest expression seen in the heart and skeletal muscle.

Q99717 SMAD5_HUMAN:

Ubiquitous.

O15198 SMAD9_HUMAN:

Expressed in heart, brain, placenta, lung, skeletal muscle, prostate, testis, ovary and small intestine. Also expressed in fetal brain, lung and kidney.

タンパク質配列:
MNVTSLFSFTSPAVKRLLGWKQGDEEEKWAEKAVDALVKKLKKKKGAMEELEKALSCPGQPSNCVTIPRSLDGRLQVSHRKGLPHVIYCRVWRWPDLQSHHELKPLECCEFPFGSKQKEVCINPYHYKRVESPVLPPVLVPRHSEYNPQHSLLAQFRNLGQNEPHMPLNATFPDSFQQPNSHPFPHSPNSSYPNSPGSSSSTYPHSPTSSDPGSPFQMPADTPPPAYLPPEDPMTQDGSQPMDTNMMAPPLPSEINRGDVQAVAYEEPKHWCSIVYYELNNRVGEAFHASSTSVLVDGFTDPSNNKNRFCLGLLSNVNRNSTIENTRRHIGKGVHLYYVGGEVYAECLSDSSIFVQSRNCNYHHGFHPTTVCKIPSGCSLKIFNNQEFAQLLAQSVNHGFETVYELTKMCTIRMSFVKGWGAEYHRQDVTSTPCWIEIHLHGPLQWLDKVLTQMGSPHNPISSVS

MTSMASLFSFTSPAVKRLLGWKQGDEEEKWAEKAVDALVKKLKKKKGAMEELEKALSSPGQPSKCVTIPRSLDGRLQVSHRKGLPHVIYCRVWRWPDLQSHHELKPLDICEFPFGSKQKEVCINPYHYKRVESPVLPPVLVPRHNEFNPQHSLLVQFRNLSHNEPHMPQNATFPDSFHQPNNTPFPLSPNSPYPPSPASSTYPNSPASSGPGSPFQLPADTPPPAYMPPDDQMGQDNSQPMDTSNNMIPQIMPSISSRDVQPVAYEEPKHWCSIVYYELNNRVGEAFHASSTSVLVDGFTDPSNNKSRFCLGLLSNVNRNSTIENTRRHIGKGVHLYYVGGEVYAECLSDSSIFVQSRNCNFHHGFHPTTVCKIPSSCSLKIFNNQEFAQLLAQSVNHGFEAVYELTKMCTIRMSFVKGWGAEYHRQDVTSTPCWIEIHLHGPLQWLDKVLTQMGSPLNPISSVS

MHSTTPISSLFSFTSPAVKRLLGWKQGDEEEKWAEKAVDSLVKKLKKKKGAMDELERALSCPGQPSKCVTIPRSLDGRLQVSHRKGLPHVIYCRVWRWPDLQSHHELKPLECCEFPFGSKQKEVCINPYHYRRVETPVLPPVLVPRHSEYNPQLSLLAKFRSASLHSEPLMPHNATYPDSFQQPPCSALPPSPSHAFSQSPCTASYPHSPGSPSEPESPYQHSVDTPPLPYHATEASETQSGQPVDATADRHVVLSIPNGDFRPVCYEEPQHWCSVAYYELNNRVGETFQASSRSVLIDGFTDPSNNRNRFCLGLLSNVNRNSTIENTRRHIGKGVHLYYVGGEVYAECVSDSSIFVQSRNCNYQHGFHPATVCKIPSGCSLKVFNNQLFAQLLAQSVHHGFEVVYELTKMCTIRMSFVKGWGAEYHRQDVTSTPCWIEIHLHGPLQWLDKVLTQMGSPHNPISSVS

種類予測

種類予測:

Score>80(red) has high confidence and is suggested to be used for WB detection. *The prediction model is mainly based on the alignment of immunogen sequences, the results are for reference only, not as the basis of quality assurance.

Species
Results
Score
Pig
100
Bovine
100
Sheep
100
Dog
100
Xenopus
100
Zebrafish
100
Chicken
100
Rabbit
100
Horse
0
Model Confidence:
High(score>80) Medium(80>score>50) Low(score<50) No confidence

PTMs - Q15797/Q99717/O15198 基板として

Site PTM Type Enzyme
Ubiquitination
S11 Phosphorylation
K21 Ubiquitination
K32 Ubiquitination
S78 Phosphorylation
K81 Ubiquitination
Y88 Phosphorylation
K116 Sumoylation
K116 Ubiquitination
K118 Sumoylation
K118 Ubiquitination
S132 Phosphorylation
S144 Phosphorylation
Y146 Phosphorylation
S187 Phosphorylation P50750 (CDK9) , P49336 (CDK8) , P28482 (MAPK1)
S195 Phosphorylation P49336 (CDK8) , P50750 (CDK9) , P28482 (MAPK1)
T202 Phosphorylation P49841 (GSK3B)
S206 Phosphorylation P50750 (CDK9) , P28482 (MAPK1) , P49336 (CDK8) , P50613 (CDK7)
S210 Phosphorylation
S214 Phosphorylation P28482 (MAPK1) , P50750 (CDK9) , P49336 (CDK8)
S239 Phosphorylation Q13315 (ATM)
K269 Ubiquitination
S315 Phosphorylation
T322 Phosphorylation Q8N4C8 (MINK1) , Q9UKE5 (TNIK)
K418 Ubiquitination
S456 Phosphorylation
S462 Phosphorylation O00238 (BMPR1B)
S463 Phosphorylation Q05655 (PRKCD) , P36894 (BMPR1A) , O00238 (BMPR1B)
S465 Phosphorylation Q05655 (PRKCD) , O00238 (BMPR1B) , P36894 (BMPR1A)
Site PTM Type Enzyme
T2 Acetylation
S12 Phosphorylation
K22 Ubiquitination
K33 Ubiquitination
S57 Phosphorylation
S58 Phosphorylation
S63 Phosphorylation
K64 Ubiquitination
S79 Phosphorylation
K82 Ubiquitination
Y89 Phosphorylation
K117 Sumoylation
K119 Sumoylation
K119 Ubiquitination
Y128 Phosphorylation
S133 Phosphorylation
S152 Phosphorylation
S188 Phosphorylation
K306 Ubiquitination
S315 Phosphorylation
K418 Ubiquitination
S462 Phosphorylation
S463 Phosphorylation
S465 Phosphorylation
Site PTM Type Enzyme
K25 Ubiquitination
S40 Phosphorylation
S82 Phosphorylation
K85 Ubiquitination
Y92 Phosphorylation
T136 Phosphorylation Q16539 (MAPK14)
K159 Ubiquitination
S317 Phosphorylation
K420 Ubiquitination
S458 Phosphorylation
S464 Phosphorylation
S465 Phosphorylation
S467 Phosphorylation

研究背景

機能:

Transcriptional modulator activated by BMP (bone morphogenetic proteins) type 1 receptor kinase. SMAD1 is a receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD). SMAD1/OAZ1/PSMB4 complex mediates the degradation of the CREBBP/EP300 repressor SNIP1. May act synergistically with SMAD4 and YY1 in bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-mediated cardiac-specific gene expression.

PTMs:

Phosphorylation of the C-terminal SVS motif by BMP type 1 receptor kinase activates SMAD1 by promoting dissociation from the receptor and trimerization with SMAD4.

Ubiquitinated by SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase SMURF1, leading to its degradation. Monoubiquitinated, leading to prevent DNA-binding. Deubiquitination by USP15 alleviates inhibition and promotes activation of TGF-beta target genes. Dephosphorylation, probably by PPM1A, induces its export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm (By similarity).

細胞の位置付け:

Cytoplasm. Nucleus.
Note: Cytoplasmic in the absence of ligand. Migrates to the nucleus when complexed with SMAD4 (PubMed:15647271). Co-localizes with LEMD3 at the nucleus inner membrane (PubMed:15647271). Exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm when dephosphorylated (By similarity).

Extracellular region or secreted Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion Manual annotation Automatic computational assertionSubcellular location
組織特異性:

Ubiquitous. Highest expression seen in the heart and skeletal muscle.

サブユニット構造:

Found in a complex with SMAD4 and YY1. Interacts with HGS, NANOG and ZCCHC12 (By similarity). Upon C-terminus phosphorylation: forms trimers with another SMAD1 and the co-SMAD SMAD4. Interacts with PEBP2-alpha subunit, CREB-binding protein (CBP), p300, SMURF1, SMURF2, USP15 and HOXC8. Associates with ZNF423 or ZNF521 in response to BMP2 leading to activate transcription of BMP target genes. Interacts with SKOR1. Interacts (via MH2 domain) with LEMD3. Binding to LEMD3 results in at least a partial reduction of receptor-mediated phosphorylation. Forms a ternary complex with PSMB4 and OAZ1 before PSMB4 is incorporated into the 20S proteasome. Found in a macromolecular complex with FAM83G. Interacts (via MH2 domain) with FAM83G (via MH2 domain); in a SMAD4-independent manner. Interacts with ZC3H3 (By similarity). Interacts with TMEM119 (By similarity). Interacts (via MH1 and MH2 domains) with ZNF8 (By similarity). Interacts with RANBP3L; the interaction increases when SMAD1 is not phosphorylated and mediates SMAD1 nuclear export.

タンパク質ファミリー:

The MH2 domain mediates phosphorylation-dependent trimerization through L3 loop binding of phosphoserines in the adjacent subunit.

Belongs to the dwarfin/SMAD family.

機能:

Transcriptional modulator activated by BMP (bone morphogenetic proteins) type 1 receptor kinase. SMAD5 is a receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD).

PTMs:

Phosphorylated on serine by BMP (bone morphogenetic proteins) type 1 receptor kinase.

Ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis by SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase SMURF1.

細胞の位置付け:

Cytoplasm. Nucleus.
Note: Cytoplasmic in the absence of ligand. Migrates to the nucleus when complexed with SMAD4.

Extracellular region or secreted Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion Manual annotation Automatic computational assertionSubcellular location
組織特異性:

Ubiquitous.

サブユニット構造:

May form trimers with the co-SMAD SMAD4. Interacts with PEBP2-alpha subunit and SMURF1. Interacts with SUV39H1 and SUV39H2. Interacts (via MH2 domain) with LEMD3. Interacts with WWP1. Interacts with TMEM119 (By similarity). Interacts with ZNF8. Interacts with RANBP3L.

タンパク質ファミリー:

Belongs to the dwarfin/SMAD family.

機能:

Transcriptional modulator activated by BMP (bone morphogenetic proteins) type 1 receptor kinase. SMAD9 is a receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD).

PTMs:

Phosphorylated on serine by BMP (bone morphogenetic proteins) type 1 receptor kinase.

細胞の位置付け:

Cytoplasm. Nucleus.
Note: In the cytoplasm in the absence of ligand. Migration to the nucleus when complexed with SMAD4 (By similarity).

Extracellular region or secreted Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion Manual annotation Automatic computational assertionSubcellular location
組織特異性:

Expressed in heart, brain, placenta, lung, skeletal muscle, prostate, testis, ovary and small intestine. Also expressed in fetal brain, lung and kidney.

サブユニット構造:

Interaction with the co-SMAD SMAD4. Interacts with PEBP2-alpha subunit. Interacts with RANBP3L.

タンパク質ファミリー:

Belongs to the dwarfin/SMAD family.

研究領域

· Cellular Processes > Cellular community - eukaryotes > Signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells.   (View pathway)

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > TGF-beta signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > Hippo signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Overview > Transcriptional misregulation in cancer.

参考文献

1). Magnesium-enriched microenvironment promotes odontogenic differentiation in human dental pulp stem cells by activating ERK/BMP2/Smads signaling. Stem Cell Research & Therapy, 2019 (PubMed: 31823825) [IF=7.5]

Application: WB    Species: Human    Sample: DPSCs

Fig. 6 The ERK and BMP2 signaling pathway is activated by high extracellular Mg2+ in DPSCs during odontogenic differentiation. a ERK phosphorylation was significantly enhanced in DPSCs treated with 1 mM, 5 mM, and 10 mM Mg2+ compared with the 0 mM Mg2+ group, but p38 and JNK phosphorylation amounts were unchanged. b ERK phosphorylation was reduced by 2-APB. c Consistently, the protein levels of BMP2, BMPR1, and phosphorylated Smad1/5/9 were significantly increased in DPSCs exposed to high extracellular Mg2+. d BMP2, BMPR1, and phosphorylated Smad1/5/9 protein amounts were decreased by 2-APB
2). Maternal supplementation with mulberry-leaf flavonoids improves the development of skeletal muscle in the offspring of chickens. Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui), 2024 (PubMed: 39035983) [IF=6.3]
3). Bmp8a deletion leads to obesity through regulation of lipid metabolism and adipocyte differentiation. Communications Biology, 2023 (PubMed: 37553521) [IF=5.9]

Application: WB    Species: Mouse    Sample: 3T3-L1 cells

Fig. 5 Bmp8a activates Smad2/3 signaling to inhibit adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. a–d Representative western blot analysis and quantification of changes in p-Smad1/5/8, p-Smad2/3, p-ERK1/2, p-p38 MAPK, and p-JNK expression in LV-bmp8a cells (a, b) or LV-Bmp8a cells (c, d). Protein expression levels were quantified using ImageJ software and normalized to the amount of total protein (n = 3). e, f Representative Oil Red O staining photographs of LV-bmp8a and LV-Bmp8a 3T3-L1 cells were induced to adipogenic in the presence of DMH1 or TP0427736 HCL, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as a vehicle and subjected to OD492 quantifications (n = 3). Scale bar = 20 µm. g Schematic diagram of BMP8 mediated signal transduction. BMP8 can activate Smad1/5/8 signal transduction through the receptor complex formed by type I receptor ALK2, ALK3, or ALK6 and type II receptor ACVR2A or BMPR2. Meanwhile, BMP8 can also activate Smad2/3 signal transduction through the receptor complex formed by type I receptors ALK4 or ALK5 and type II receptors ACVR2A, ACVR2B, or TGFBR2. h Non-expression of mouse Alk6 gene in 3T3-L1 cells (n = 3). i The qPCR quantification of the type I receptor (Alk2, Alk3, Alk4, Alk5, Alk7) and type II receptor (Acvr2a, Acvr2b, Bmpr2, Tgrβr2) transcripts expressed in 3T3-L1 cells (n = 3). j, k Quantification of the activity of BRE-driven luciferase reporters with pCMV-bmp8a (j) or pCMV-Bmp8a (k) cotransfected with pCMV-Alk2, pCMV-Alk3, pCMV-Bmpr2, pCMV-Acrv2a, respectively (n = 3). Renilla luciferase was used as the internal control. l, m Quantification of the activity of CAGA-driven luciferase reporters with pCMV-bmp8a (l) or pCMV-Bmp8a (m) cotransfected with pCMV-Alk2, pCMV-Alk3, pCMV-Bmpr2, and pCMV-Acrv2a, respectively (n = 3). Renilla luciferase was used as the internal control. Data were representative of at least three independent experiments. Data were analyzed by One-way ANOVA and presented as mean ± SD
4). BMP8B Activates Both SMAD2/3 and NF-κB Signals to Inhibit the Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes into Mature Adipocytes. Nutrients, 2023 (PubMed: 38201894) [IF=5.9]

Application: WB    Species: Mouse    Sample:

Figure 3 BMP8B triggers SMAD2/3 signaling to suppress adipogenesis. (A,B) Analysis using immunoblotting and quantification was conducted to assess the protein levels of p-SMAD1/5/8, p-SMAD2/3, p-ERK1/2, p-p38 MAPK, and p-JNK in LV-Bmp8b. (C) A model of BMPs-associated signal transduction. (D) Quantification was performed to determine the luciferase reporter activity driven by BRE, which pCMV-Bmp8b cotransfected with pCMV-Alk2, pCMV-Alk3, pCMV-Bmpr2, pCMV-Acrv2a, respectively. (E) Quantification was performed to determine the luciferase reporter activity driven by CAGA, which pCMV-Bmp8b cotransfected with pCMV-Alk2, pCMV-Alk4, pCMV-Alk5, pCMV-Alk7, pCMV-Tgfβr2, pCMV-Acrv2a, and pCMV-Acrv2b, respectively. (F,G) In the presence of DMH1 or TP0427736 HCL, the cells were induced to differentiate into adipocytes. On Day 8, Oil Red O staining was performed (F). Quantification of lipid content after adipogenic differentiation (G). Scale bar = 20 µm. The symbols in the charts represent three biological replicates. The data were presented as mean ± SD and analyzed using one-way ANOVA (ns not significant, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001).
5). Kartogenin Improves Osteogenesis of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells via Autophagy. Stem Cells International, 2022 (PubMed: 36591373) [IF=4.3]
6). Wnt/β-Catenin Promotes the Osteoblastic Potential of BMP9 Through Down-Regulating Cyp26b1 in Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 2023 (PubMed: 37010733) [IF=3.6]
7). TMF suppresses chondrocyte hypertrophy in osteoarthritic cartilage by mediating the FOXO3a/BMPER pathway. Experimental and therapeutic medicine, 2024 (PubMed: 38800044) [IF=2.7]

Application: WB    Species: Human    Sample: C28/I2 cells

Figure 2 Effects of TMF on chondrocyte hypertrophy in vitro. Protein expression levels of (A and B) Col X, (A and C) Runx2, (A and D) BMPER, (A and E) BMP4 and (A and F) p-Smad1/Smad1. Immunofluorescent intensity of (G) Col X and (H) Runx2. *P
8). Wnt and Smad signaling pathways synergistically regulated the osteogenic differentiation of fibroblasts in ankylosing spondylitis. TISSUE & CELL, 2022 (PubMed: 35753224) [IF=2.6]
9). BMP2 increases hyperplasia and hypertrophy of bovine subcutaneous preadipocytes via BMP/SMAD signaling. IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL, 2022 (PubMed: 35275330) [IF=2.1]
10). COX-2 promotes the osteogenic potential of BMP9 through TGF-β1/p38 signaling in mesenchymal stem cells. Aging (Albany NY), 2021 (PubMed: 33833129) [IF=0.4]

Application: WB    Species: Human    Sample: MSCs

Figure 5 The effect of BMP9 and/or TGF-β1 on the p38 signaling in MSCs. (A) Western blotting shows that the level of Smad2/3 or p-Smad2/3 was affected by TGF-β1 and/or BMP9. (B) Quantification results of western blots shows that the level of Smad2/3 or p-Smad2/3 was affected by COX-2 and/or BMP9. (C) Western blotting shows the effects of TGF-β1 and BMP9 on the levels of Smad1/5/8 and p-Smad1/5/8. (D) Quantification of western blots shows that the levels of Smad1/5/8 and p-Smad1/5/8 were affected by BMP9. (E) Western blotting shows the effect of TGF-β1 and/or BMP9 on the level of p38 and p-p38. (F) Quantification results of western blots shows the level p38 and p-p38 was affected by TGF-β1 and/or BMP9. (G) Western blotting shows that the level of p38 and p-p38 was affected by LY364947 and/or BMP9. (H) Quantification of western blots shows that the level of p38 and p-p38 was affected by LY364947 and/or BMP9. LY364947: TGF-βRI specific inhibitor. “**”p < 0.01, “#”p < 0.05, and “##”p < 0.01.

Restrictive clause

 

Affinity Biosciences tests all products strictly. Citations are provided as a resource for additional applications that have not been validated by Affinity Biosciences. Please choose the appropriate format for each application and consult Materials and Methods sections for additional details about the use of any product in these publications.

For Research Use Only.
Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. Not for resale. Not for distribution without written consent. Affinity Biosciences will not be held responsible for patent infringement or other violations that may occur with the use of our products. Affinity Biosciences, Affinity Biosciences Logo and all other trademarks are the property of Affinity Biosciences LTD.