GABA A Receptor beta 1 Antibody - #AF6207

FIGURE 5 The 5-HT3A receptor regulated pain thresholds through GABA pathway in cholestasis rats. (A) In normal rats, bicuculline reduced mechanical threshold significantly by intrathecal injection 30 min later. (B) In BDL rats, both ondansetron and bicuculline reversed the increased pain thresholds. (C) Comparison of inhibition ratios among three antagonists. Results showed that ondansetron exerted stronger inhibition ratio than bicuculline and CGP55845 in BDL rats. (D) Both ondansetron and bicuculline, but not CGP55845, could reverse the up-regulation of pain threshold induced by mCPBG in normal rats. (E) Ondansetron, bicuculline, and CGP55845 could reverse the effect induced by intrathecally administrating bilirubin in normal rats. (F) Expression of the 5-HT3A receptor on GABAergic neurons in cultured SDHNs. Most of the cultured neurons (MAP2 is regarded as neuron marker) expressed the 5-HT3A receptor and GAD65 (marker of GABAergic neuron). The merged images showed co-expression of the 5-HT3A receptor and GAD65, suggesting that the majority of GABAergic neurons expressed the 5-HT3A receptor in SDH. *P < 0.05.

FIGURE 6 Bilirubin increased GABAA receptor expression, GABA concentration, and GABAergic sIPSC in spinal cords. (A) GABAA receptor expression increased gradually in the spinal cord enlargement of BDL rats without changing GABAB receptor expression, and ondansetron reduced GABAA receptor expression. (B) The quantitative analysis of GABAA receptor expression in the BDL rats. (C) Intrathecal administration of bilirubin increased GABAA receptor expression, and co-administration of bilirubin and ondansetron decreased it without changing GABAB receptor expression. (D) The quantitative analysis of GABAA receptor expression after intrathecal administration of bilirubin in normal rats. (E) SDHNs cultured with bilirubin showed increased GABAA receptor expression without changing GABAB receptor expression, ondansetron reversed GABAA receptor expression. (F) The quantitative analysis of GABAA receptor expression in SDHNs. (G) GABA concentration in CSF of BDL group was significantly higher than sham group, and ondansetron intervention reversed this change. (H) Intrathecal administration of bilirubin (1000 μM) increased GABA concentration in CSF significantly, whereas ondansetron could reverse it. *P < 0.05.

Fig. 12 Gabrb1 (A), Grin2b (B) and Adra1b (C) protein expression levels in the dentate gyrus of the female offspring of PCOS, BSTJF and controls, as assessed by immunohistochemical staining. The scale bars are 100 μm. The bar plot shows the mean integrated optical density (IOD) (n = 4 in each group at 5 w and 13 w). Data were presented as the mean ± SEM. One-way ANOVA for multiple comparisons and LSD test for pairwise comparisons between groups. (*P < 0.05, #P < 0.01)

Fig. 13 Gabrb1, Grin2b and Adra1b protein expression levels in the hippocampus of 5 w (A) and 13 w (B) female offspring of PCOS, BSTJF and control groups, as assessed by Western Blotting. The bar plot shows the relative density of gray values of the target protein strips (n = 3 in each group at 5 w and 13 w). Data were presented as the mean ± SEM. Non-parametric test for multiple comparisons and pairwise comparisons between groups. (*P < 0.05)

Fig. 12 | Gabrb1 (A), Grin2b (B) and Adra1b (C) protein expression levels in the dentate gyrus of the female ofspring of PCOS, BSTJF and controls, as assessed by immunohistochemical staining. The scale bars are 100 μm. The bar plot shows the mean integrated optical density (IOD) (n=4 in each group at 5 w and 13 w). Data were presented as the mean±SEM. One-way ANOVA for multiple comparisons and LSD test for pairwise comparisons between groups.

Fig. 13 | Gabrb1, Grin2b and Adra1b protein expression levels in the hippocampus of 5 w (A) and 13 w (B) female ofspring of PCOS, BSTJF and control groups, as assessed by Western Blotting. The bar plot shows the relative density of gray values of the target protein strips (n=3 in each group at 5 w and 13 w). Data were presented as the mean±SEM. Non-parametric test for multiple comparisons and pairwise comparisons between groups.

Fig. 6 TFA ameliorated intestine barrier and decreased inflammation in high fat diet/STZ induced diabetic mice. A H&E staining of intestine tissue. B Occludin expression tested by immunohistochemistry. C Western Blot of proteins in intestine tissue. D MTT assay of CaCO2 cells viability under LPS or TFA treatment. Proteins expression assay of E ZO-1, F Occludin, and G Claudin 5 of CaCO2 cells under LPS treatment by immunofluorescence. Influence of TFA on the expression of H ZO-1, I Occludin, and J Claudin 5. K and L Protein fluorescence density analysis of for H-J by Image J. m Influence of TFA on the in vitro gut barrier model. The concentration of N IL-6, O TNF-α, P IL-1β, Q LPS, and R 5-HT in serum determined by ELISA. S Expression of GLP-1 and GABA in gut tested by immunohistochemistry (GLP-1 indicated by red arrow). LPS: Lipopolysaccharide. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, vs. NC group or vehicle group; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, vs. T2DM group or LPS group