Glut 4 Antibody - #AF5386

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製品: Glut 4 Antibody
カタログ: AF5386
タンパク質の説明: Rabbit polyclonal antibody to Glut 4
アプリケーション: WB IHC
反応性: Human, Mouse, Rat
予測: Bovine, Horse, Sheep, Rabbit
分子量: 54 kDa; 55kD(Calculated).
ユニプロット: P14672
RRID: AB_2837871

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製品説明

ソース:
Rabbit
アプリケーション:
WB 1:500-1:2000, IHC 1:50-1:200
*The optimal dilutions should be determined by the end user.
*Tips:

WB: For western blot detection of denatured protein samples. IHC: For immunohistochemical detection of paraffin sections (IHC-p) or frozen sections (IHC-f) of tissue samples. IF/ICC: For immunofluorescence detection of cell samples. ELISA(peptide): For ELISA detection of antigenic peptide.

反応性:
Human,Mouse,Rat
予測:
Bovine(92%), Horse(92%), Sheep(92%), Rabbit(100%)
クローナリティ:
Polyclonal
特異性:
Glut 4 Antibody detects endogenous levels of total Glut 4.
RRID:
AB_2837871
引用形式: Affinity Biosciences Cat# AF5386, RRID:AB_2837871.
コンジュゲート:
Unconjugated.
精製:
The antiserum was purified by peptide affinity chromatography using SulfoLink™ Coupling Resin (Thermo Fisher Scientific).
保存:
Rabbit IgG in phosphate buffered saline , pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol. Store at -20 °C. Stable for 12 months from date of receipt.
別名:

折りたたみ／展開

insulin-responsive; Glucose transporter GLUT 4; Glucose transporter type 4; Glucose transporter type 4 insulin responsive; GLUT 4; GLUT-4; GLUT4; GTR4_HUMAN; Insulin responsive glucose transporter type 4; kug; SLC 2A4; SLC2A4; solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter) member 4; Solute carrier family 2 member 4; Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 4;

免疫原

免疫原:
Uniprot:

P14672(GLUT4_HUMAN) >>Visit HPA database.

遺伝子(ID):
SLC2A4(6517)
発現特異性:
P14672 GLUT4_HUMAN:

Skeletal and cardiac muscles; brown and white fat.

タンパク質の説明:
In response to insulin, Glut4 is quickly shuttled from an intracellular storage site to the plasma membrane, where it binds glucose. In contrast, the ubiquitously expressed glucose transporter Glut1 is constitutively targeted to the plasma membrane and shows a much less dramatic translocation in response to insulin.
タンパク質配列:
MPSGFQQIGSEDGEPPQQRVTGTLVLAVFSAVLGSLQFGYNIGVINAPQKVIEQSYNETWLGRQGPEGPSSIPPGTLTTLWALSVAIFSVGGMISSFLIGIISQWLGRKRAMLVNNVLAVLGGSLMGLANAAASYEMLILGRFLIGAYSGLTSGLVPMYVGEIAPTHLRGALGTLNQLAIVIGILIAQVLGLESLLGTASLWPLLLGLTVLPALLQLVLLPFCPESPRYLYIIQNLEGPARKSLKRLTGWADVSGVLAELKDEKRKLERERPLSLLQLLGSRTHRQPLIIAVVLQLSQQLSGINAVFYYSTSIFETAGVGQPAYATIGAGVVNTVFTLVSVLLVERAGRRTLHLLGLAGMCGCAILMTVALLLLERVPAMSYVSIVAIFGFVAFFEIGPGPIPWFIVAELFSQGPRPAAMAVAGFSNWTSNFIIGMGFQYVAEAMGPYVFLLFAVLLLGFFIFTFLRVPETRGRTFDQISAAFHRTPSLLEQEVKPSTELEYLGPDEND

種類予測

種類予測:

Score>80(red) has high confidence and is suggested to be used for WB detection. *The prediction model is mainly based on the alignment of immunogen sequences, the results are for reference only, not as the basis of quality assurance.

Species
Results
Score
Rabbit
100
Horse
92
Bovine
92
Sheep
92
Xenopus
36
Pig
0
Dog
0
Zebrafish
0
Chicken
0
Model Confidence:
High(score>80) Medium(80>score>50) Low(score<50) No confidence

PTMs - P14672 基板として

Site PTM Type Enzyme
Y56 Phosphorylation
N57 N-Glycosylation
S274 Phosphorylation O00141 (SGK1)
S281 Phosphorylation
T368 Phosphorylation
T486 Phosphorylation
S488 Phosphorylation
Y502 Phosphorylation

研究背景

機能:

Insulin-regulated facilitative glucose transporter, which plays a key role in removal of glucose from circulation. Response to insulin is regulated by its intracellular localization: in the absence of insulin, it is efficiently retained intracellularly within storage compartments in muscle and fat cells. Upon insulin stimulation, translocates from these compartments to the cell surface where it transports glucose from the extracellular milieu into the cell.

PTMs:

Sumoylated.

細胞の位置付け:

Cell membrane>Multi-pass membrane protein. Endomembrane system>Multi-pass membrane protein. Cytoplasm>Perinuclear region.
Note: Localizes primarily to the perinuclear region, undergoing continued recycling to the plasma membrane where it is rapidly reinternalized (PubMed:8300557). The dileucine internalization motif is critical for intracellular sequestration (PubMed:8300557). Insulin stimulation induces translocation to the cell membrane (By similarity).

Extracellular region or secreted Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion Manual annotation Automatic computational assertionSubcellular location
組織特異性:

Skeletal and cardiac muscles; brown and white fat.

サブユニット構造:

Interacts with NDUFA9 (By similarity). Binds to DAXX. Interacts via its N-terminus with SRFBP1. Interacts with TRARG1; the interaction is required for proper SLC2A4 recycling after insulin stimulation (By similarity).

タンパク質ファミリー:

The dileucine internalization motif is critical for intracellular sequestration.

Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family. Glucose transporter subfamily.

研究領域

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > FoxO signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > AMPK signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Endocrine and metabolic diseases > Type II diabetes mellitus.

· Human Diseases > Endocrine and metabolic diseases > Insulin resistance.

· Organismal Systems > Endocrine system > Insulin signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Endocrine system > Adipocytokine signaling pathway.

参考文献

1). CPAL, as a New Mediator of Cardiomyocyte Metabolic Alterations and Pyroptosis, Regulates Myocardial Infarction Injury in Mice. Engineering, 2023 [IF=12.8]

Application: WB    Species: Mouse    Sample:

Fig. 1. Heart damage in MI mice. (a) Echocardiogram, EF, and FS measurements of sham and MI mice (n  =  5). **P  <  0.01, compared with sham, mean ± SEM. (b) H&E staining of cross‐sectional slices derived from sham and MI hearts (n  = 3). The blue arrow indicates the larger intercellular space, and the yellow stars indicate inflammatory cell infiltration. (c) Representative transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrograph of sham and MI hearts; the blue arrow indicates karyopyknosis, and the green arrow indicates mitochondrial swelling (n  = 4). (d) ATP levels in the homogenate of heart tissue from sham and MI (n  = 3; *P  < 0.05). (e, f) The expression of GLUT4, HK1, and CD36 at the mRNA and protein levels in the infarct border zones of the left ventricular from each group at 24 h after the MI operation, respectively (*P  < 0.05, **P  < 0.01, compared with the sham group; n  = 3 to n  = 4; mean ± SEM).
2). Recurrent moderate hypoglycemia accelerates the progression of cognitive deficits through impairment of TRPC6/GLUT3 pathway in diabetic APP/PS1 mice. JCI Insight, 2022 (PubMed: 35077394) [IF=8.0]

Application: WB    Species: Mice    Sample: hippocampal homogenates

Figure 5 RH reduced brain GLUT3-mediated glucose uptake in STZ-induced APP/PS1-DM mice. (A) Representative PET/CT images showing in vivo brain 18F-FDG uptake (coronal, sagittal, and transaxial sections, n = 6 mice for each group). Cor, Cortex; Hip, hippocampus; Mid, midbrain; HPOA, hypothalamus; BS, brain stem; Cer, cerebellum; OB, Olfactory Bulb; BF, basal forebrain; Tha, thalamus; SC, superior colliculi; CG, central gray; Str, striatum. (B) Quantification for SUV of 18F-FDG in brain region (n = 6 for mice for each group). (C) Western blot and quantitation for GLUT1, GLUT2, GLUT3, GLUT4, GLUT5, SGLT1, and SGLT2 in hippocampal homogenates (n = 3 mice for each group). The data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was assessed using unpaired Student’s t test. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01, APP/PS1-DM versus APP/PS1; #P < 0.05 and ##P < 0.01, APP/PS1-DM-RH versus APP/PS1-DM; WT versus APP/PS1; NS, no significant difference.
3). Djulis Hull Improves Insulin Resistance and Modulates the Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet (HFD)-Induced Hyperglycaemia. Antioxidants, 2021 (PubMed: 35052549) [IF=7.0]

Application: WB    Species: Mice    Sample: epididymal white adipose tissue

Figure 5 Effect of djulis hull crude extract on the expression of proteins involved in glucose transportation in (A) epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) and (B) the liver of high-fat diet-induced hyperglycaemia. ND: normal diet; HFD: high-fat diet; HCE: high dosage of crude extract. Values represent the mean ± SEM (n = 6). The statistical methods used one-way ANOVA, and the values with different letters are significantly different at p < 0.05.
4). MOTS-c interacts synergistically with exercise intervention to regulate PGC-1α expression, attenuate insulin resistance and enhance glucose metabolism in mice via AMPK signaling pathway. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease, 2021 (PubMed: 33722744) [IF=6.2]

Application: WB    Species: Mice    Sample: skeletal muscle cells

Fig. 6. Effects of MOTS-c treatment and exercise intervention on lean mice. (A, B) The wild-type C57BL/6 mice were assigned into exercise and sedentary groups, (C–I) and then intraperitoneally injected with 0.5 mg/kg MOTS-c or saline daily for eight weeks. (C, D) The skeletal muscle and plasma concentrations of MOTS-c were detected by ELISA kits after normalizing to total protein content. (E-I) Protein expression of PGC-1α and GLUT4 as well as phosphorylation levels of AMPK and ACC in mouse muscle (n = 6–8 in each group) were determined by immunoblotting. Each bar represents mean ± SD of triplicates. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, remarkably different from control mice.
5). Protective Effects and Mechanisms of Polyethylene Glycol Loxenatide Against Hyperglycemia and Liver Injury in db/db diabetic Mice. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2021 (PubMed: 34938192) [IF=5.6]

Application: WB    Species: Mouse    Sample:

FIGURE 5 Polyethylene glycol loxenatide (PEG-Loxe) regulates the expressions of the Sirt1-AMPK pathway-, insulin PI3K/AKT pathway- and apoptosis-related proteins. Protein expression levels were normalized to the levels of β-actin. Data are presented as the mean ± SD; n = 3; ### p < 0.001 compared to the normal control group; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 compared to the T2DM group.
6). Synergistic effects of curcumin and gamma-oryzanol solid dispersions ameliorate muscle atrophy by upregulating Nrf2 and IGF1/Insulin-Akt-mTOR activities in middle-aged rats. Journal of Functional Foods, 2022 [IF=5.6]

Application: WB    Species: Rat    Sample:

Fig. 4. The effects of GO-CURSD on IGF1/Insulin-Akt-mTOR activities in middle-aged rat’s muscles. Western blots of (A) Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), (B) the phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) /total Akt, (C) the phosphorylated mTOR/total mTOR, (D) Glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4). The total protein expressions are normalized to β-actin and presented as the fold differences compared to the YC group which was set as one (n = 3). (E) Muscular glucose uptake activity and (F) glycogen content. Data are expressed as means ± SD for each group. The letters were significantly different compared with the YC group (a p < 0.05, aa p < 0.01, and aaa p < 0.001), MC groups (b p < 0.05, bb p < 0.01, and bbb p < 0.001), CURSD groups (c p < 0.05, and ccc p < 0.001). # is significantly different between without insulin vs Insulin.
7). Molecular mechanism of Gan-song Yin inhibiting the proliferation of renal tubular epithelial cells by regulating miR-21-5p in adipocyte exosomes. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 2024 (PubMed: 38043753) [IF=5.4]

Application: WB    Species: Mouse    Sample: TCMK-1 cells

Fig. 5. Identification of Exo in co-culture system supernatant, establishment of IR model and influence of GSY on it. A. TEM identification of Exo morphology and size-concentration distribution of Exo in the supernatant. B. Expression levels of Exo marker proteins CD9, CD63 and TSG101 in the supernatant of the co-culture system. C. Expression levels of PPARγ, GLUT4 and FABP4 genes in Exo supernatant of co-culture system. D. Glucose consumption in supernatant during the establishment of IR model in co-culture system. E. Glucose consumption rate in supernatant during the establishment of IR model in co-culture system. F. Glucose consumption rate after the establishment of IR model of co-culture system. J. Glucose consumption in the supernatant of each experimental group in the co-culture system. H. TG content in supernatant of each experimental group of co-culture system. I. Expression levels of PPARγ, GLUT4 and FABP4 proteins in the supernatant Exo of co-culture system after GSY intervention. J. Expression levels of PPARγ, GLUT4 and FABP4 genes in Exo after GSY intervention. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. NC: Negative control; MOD: Model (60 mmol/L glucose). All experiments were repeated three times.
8). Network pharmacology-based elucidation of bioactive compounds and experimental exploration of antidiabetic mechanisms of Hydrolea zeylanica. Cellular signalling, 2024 (PubMed: 38052370) [IF=4.8]
9). Evaluation of in vitro/in vivo anti-diabetic effects and identification of compounds from Physalis alkekengi. Fitoterapia, 2018 (PubMed: 29447981) [IF=3.4]

Application: WB    Species: rat    Sample: mature adipocytes

Fig. 4. |(A) 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were successfully differentiated into adipocytes. (B) Expression levels of CYP2E1 protein and mRNA were reduced after treatment with PAG-EA and PAF-EA for 48 h in E47 cells. (C) PAG-EA and PAF-EA significantly increased the GLUT4 protein and mRNA expression after 48 h. The CYP2E1 and GLUT4 mRNA values are represented as a fold change. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 represent statistical significance against the control.
10). The mechanisms underlying olanzapine-induced insulin resistance via the brown adipose tissue and the therapy in rats. Adipocyte, 2022 (PubMed: 35067163) [IF=3.3]

Application: WB    Species: Rat    Sample:

Figure 7. The effect of olanzapine and Gegen Qinlian Decoction on the overall expression and PM expression of GLUT4 protein in iBAT and scWAT in rat models after 8 weeks gavage (PM GLUT4: GLUT4 protein expression in plasma membrane and GLUT4: GLUT4 protein expression in whole-cell lysate). (a) GLUT4 expression in scWAT. (b) Representative western blots of GLUT4 expression in scWAT. (c) GLUT4 expression in iBAT. (d) Representative western blots of GLUT4 expression in iBAT. (e) The expression of GLUT4 in PM of the scWAT. (f) Representative western blots of PM GLUT4 expression in scWAT. (g) The expression of GLUT4 in PM of the iBAT. (h) Representative western blots of PM GLUT4 expression in iBAT. The corresponding control levels are arbitrarily assigned at a value of 1. The values are expressed as mea±SD (n = 6). For statistical significance, *p<0.05 shows the comparison to the BL group; #p<0.05 shows the comparison to the OLZ group.
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