Tubulin beta Antibody | Affinity Biosciences

製品:	Tubulin beta Antibody
カタログ:	AF7011
タンパク質の説明:	Rabbit polyclonal antibody to Tubulin beta
アプリケーション:	WB IHC IF/ICC
反応性:	Human, Mouse, Rat
分子量:	55kDa; 50kD(Calculated).
ユニプロット:	P07437
RRID:	AB_2827688

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サイズ	価格	在庫状況
50ul	$150	在庫あり
100ul	$250	在庫あり
200ul	$350	在庫あり
1ml	$1200	在庫あり

プロトコル

製品説明

ソース:

Rabbit

アプリケーション:

WB 1:1000-1:5000, IHC 1:50-1:200, IF/ICC 1:100-1:500
*The optimal dilutions should be determined by the end user.
*Tips:

WB: For western blot detection of denatured protein samples. IHC: For immunohistochemical detection of paraffin sections (IHC-p) or frozen sections (IHC-f) of tissue samples. IF/ICC: For immunofluorescence detection of cell samples. ELISA(peptide): For ELISA detection of antigenic peptide.

反応性:

Human,Mouse,Rat

クローナリティ:

Polyclonal

特異性:

Tubulin beta Antibody detects endogenous levels of total Tubulin beta.

RRID:

AB_2827688
引用形式: Affinity Biosciences Cat# AF7011, RRID:AB_2827688.

コンジュゲート:

Unconjugated.

精製:

The antiserum was purified by peptide affinity chromatography using SulfoLink™ Coupling Resin (Thermo Fisher Scientific).

保存:

Rabbit IgG in phosphate buffered saline , pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol. Store at -20 °C. Stable for 12 months from date of receipt.

別名:

折りたたみ／展開

TUBB3, CDCBM, Beta III Tubulin, Class III beta-tubulin, TUBB4, Tubulin, beta 3, Tubulin beta-III, Tubulin beta-3 chain, Tubulin beta-4 chain, Tubulin, beta 3 class III, CFEOM3A

免疫原

免疫原:

A synthesized peptide derived from human Tubulin beta.

Uniprot:

P07437(TBB5_HUMAN) >>Visit HPA database.

遺伝子(ID):

TUBB(203068)

発現特異性:

P07437 TBB5_HUMAN:

Ubiquitously expressed with highest levels in spleen, thymus and immature brain.

タンパク質の説明:

TUBB3 Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha-chain. TUBB3 plays a critical role in proper axon guidance and mantainance.

タンパク質配列:

P07437 TBB5_HUMAN:
Protein BLAST With
NCBI/
ExPASy/
Uniprot

MREIVHIQAGQCGNQIGAKFWEVISDEHGIDPTGTYHGDSDLQLDRISVYYNEATGGKYVPRAILVDLEPGTMDSVRSGPFGQIFRPDNFVFGQSGAGNNWAKGHYTEGAELVDSVLDVVRKEAESCDCLQGFQLTHSLGGGTGSGMGTLLISKIREEYPDRIMNTFSVVPSPKVSDTVVEPYNATLSVHQLVENTDETYCIDNEALYDICFRTLKLTTPTYGDLNHLVSATMSGVTTCLRFPGQLNADLRKLAVNMVPFPRLHFFMPGFAPLTSRGSQQYRALTVPELTQQVFDAKNMMAACDPRHGRYLTVAAVFRGRMSMKEVDEQMLNVQNKNSSYFVEWIPNNVKTAVCDIPPRGLKMAVTFIGNSTAIQELFKRISEQFTAMFRRKAFLHWYTGEGMDEMEFTEAESNMNDLVSEYQQYQDATAEEEEDFGEEAEEEA

PTMs - P07437 基板として

P07437

Site	PTM Type	Enzyme	Source
R2	Methylation		Uniprot
C12	S-Nitrosylation		Uniprot
K19	Acetylation		Uniprot
K19	Methylation		Uniprot
K19	Ubiquitination		Uniprot
S25	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
T33	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
T35	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
Y36	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
S40	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
R46	Methylation		Uniprot
S48	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
Y50	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
Y51	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
T55	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
K58	Acetylation		Uniprot
K58	Methylation		Uniprot
K58	Sumoylation		Uniprot
K58	Ubiquitination		Uniprot
Y59	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
T72	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
S75	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
S78	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
S95	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
K103	Acetylation		Uniprot
K103	Sumoylation		Uniprot
K103	Ubiquitination		Uniprot
Y106	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
T107	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
S115	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
K122	Ubiquitination		Uniprot
S126	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
T136	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
S138	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
T143	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
S145	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
T149	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
S153	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
K154	Ubiquitination		Uniprot
Y159	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
R162	Methylation		Uniprot
T166	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
S168	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
S172	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
K174	Ubiquitination		Uniprot
Y183	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
T196	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
T199	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
Y200	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
Y208	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
K216	Ubiquitination		Uniprot
T218	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
T219	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
T221	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
Y222	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
S234	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
C239	S-Nitrosylation		Uniprot
K252	Sumoylation		Uniprot
K252	Ubiquitination		Uniprot
T274	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
S275	Phosphorylation	Q5TCY1 (TTBK1)	Uniprot
R276	Methylation		Uniprot
S278	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
Y281	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
T285	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
T290	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
K297	Ubiquitination		Uniprot
C303	S-Nitrosylation		Uniprot
Y310	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
T312	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
R318	Methylation		Uniprot
S322	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
K324	Acetylation		Uniprot
K324	Sumoylation		Uniprot
K324	Ubiquitination		Uniprot
K336	Acetylation		Uniprot
K336	Ubiquitination		Uniprot
S338	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
S339	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
Y340	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
K350	Sumoylation		Uniprot
K350	Ubiquitination		Uniprot
T351	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
K362	Ubiquitination		Uniprot
T366	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
S371	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
K379	Acetylation		Uniprot
K379	Ubiquitination		Uniprot
S382	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
T386	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
K392	Ubiquitination		Uniprot
T399	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
Y422	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
Y425	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
T429	Phosphorylation		Uniprot

研究背景

P07437_TBB5_HUMAN

機能:

Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain.

PTMs:

Some glutamate residues at the C-terminus are polyglutamylated, resulting in polyglutamate chains on the gamma-carboxyl group. Polyglutamylation plays a key role in microtubule severing by spastin (SPAST). SPAST preferentially recognizes and acts on microtubules decorated with short polyglutamate tails: severing activity by SPAST increases as the number of glutamates per tubulin rises from one to eight, but decreases beyond this glutamylation threshold.

Some glutamate residues at the C-terminus are monoglycylated but not polyglycylated due to the absence of functional TTLL10 in human. Monoglycylation is mainly limited to tubulin incorporated into axonemes (cilia and flagella). Both polyglutamylation and monoglycylation can coexist on the same protein on adjacent residues, and lowering glycylation levels increases polyglutamylation, and reciprocally. The precise function of monoglycylation is still unclear (Probable).

Phosphorylated on Ser-172 by CDK1 during the cell cycle, from metaphase to telophase, but not in interphase. This phosphorylation inhibits tubulin incorporation into microtubules.

細胞の位置付け:

Cytoplasm>Cytoskeleton.

組織特異性:

Ubiquitously expressed with highest levels in spleen, thymus and immature brain.

サブユニット構造:

Heterodimer of alpha and beta chains. A typical microtubule is a hollow water-filled tube with an outer diameter of 25 nm and an inner diameter of 15 nM. Alpha-beta heterodimers associate head-to-tail to form protofilaments running lengthwise along the microtubule wall with the beta-tubulin subunit facing the microtubule plus end conferring a structural polarity. Microtubules usually have 13 protofilaments but different protofilament numbers can be found in some organisms and specialized cells. Interacts with PIFO. Interacts with DIAPH1. Interacts with MX1 (By similarity). May interact with RNABP10 (By similarity). Interacts with CFAP157 (By similarity).

タンパク質ファミリー:

The highly acidic C-terminal region may bind cations such as calcium.

Belongs to the tubulin family.

研究領域

· Cellular Processes > Transport and catabolism > Phagosome. (View pathway)

· Cellular Processes > Cellular community - eukaryotes > Gap junction. (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Bacterial > Pathogenic Escherichia coli infection.

参考文献

1). The Nuclear Matrix Protein SAFA Surveils Viral RNA and Facilitates Immunity by Activating Antiviral Enhancers and Super-enhancers. Cell Host & Microbe, 2019 (PubMed: 31513772) [IF=30.3]

Application: WB Species: human Sample: HEK293 cells

Figure 3.| Oligomerized SAFA Mediates IFNb Transcription(I) HEK293 cells were transfected with indicated plasmids and infected with virus for 6 h, followed by oligomerization assay.

2). SOX9 Modulates the Transformation of Gastric Stem Cells Through Biased Symmetric Cell Division. Gastroenterology, 2023 (PubMed: 36740200) [IF=29.4]

3). Passively-targeted mitochondrial tungsten-based nanodots for efficient acute kidney injury treatment. Bioactive materials, 2023 (PubMed: 36185743) [IF=18.9]

4). Heterozygous de novo dominant negative mutation of REXO2 results in interferonopathy. Nature communications, 2024 (PubMed: 39107301) [IF=16.6]

5). The microglial innate immune receptors TREM-1 and TREM-2 in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) drive visceral hypersensitivity and depressive-like behaviors following DSS-induced colitis. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 2023 (PubMed: 37286175) [IF=15.1]

6). Opsonization Inveigles Macrophages Engulfing Carrier-Free Bilirubin/JPH203 Nanoparticles to Suppress Inflammation for Osteoarthritis Therapy. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2024 (PubMed: 38593402) [IF=15.1]

7). XAF1 promotes anti-RNA virus immune responses by regulating chromatin accessibility. Science advances, 2023 (PubMed: 37595039) [IF=13.6]

8). Circular RNA circBbs9 promotes PM2. 5-induced lung inflammation in mice via NLRP3 inflammasome activation. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL, 2020 (PubMed: 32707273) [IF=11.8]

Application: WB Species: mouse Sample: lung

Fig. 3. Involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in PM2.5-induced inflammatory response. (A) The mRNA expression of NLRP3 was examined in lung tissue from normal and COPD model mice. (B) The mRNA expression of NLRP3 was examined in RAW264.7 cells exposed to PM2.5. (C) The immunohistochemistry images of NLRP3 protein were analyzed in FA and PM2.5 exposed groups of normal and COPD model mice. (D) The score of lung tissue NLRP3 protein immunohistochemistry between FA and PM2.5 exposed mice. (E) The protein expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-related genes NLRP3, caspase-1, cleaved-caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18, were detected by western blot in normal and COPD model mouse lung tissue. Relative expression levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, cleaved-caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 are shown in F-J. (K) The protein expression level of NLRP3 inflammasome-related genes, including NLRP3, caspase-1, cleaved-caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18, were analyzed in RAW264.7 cells exposed to PM2.5 for 24 h and 48 h. (L) Relative expression levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, cleaved-caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 in RAW264.7 cells between the control and PM2.5 exposed group. The (M) mRNA and (N, O) protein expression levels of NLRP3 inflammasome-related genes were detected after treatment with NLRP3 siRNA and PM2.5 exposure, respectively. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

9). Circulating proteomic panels for risk stratification of intracranial aneurysm and its rupture. EMBO Molecular Medicine, 2022 (PubMed: 34978375) [IF=11.1]

Application: WB Species: Human Sample: IA tissue

Figure 2 IA tissue proteome remodeling due to IA formation and rupture Five pairs of IA and STA tissues surgically excised from intracranial aneurysm patients. Differentially expressed proteins between IA group and STA group, as determined by plotting Student’s t‐test (P‐value < 0.05, two‐sided) P‐values versus the log2 fold change (IA/STA) are represented on volcano plots. Proteins with significant change in expression levels are indicated by pink (upregulated) and blue (downregulated) dots. The dashed line (x = ±1) represents the cutoff of the log2 fold change in protein levels, and dashed line (y = 2) represents the cutoff of the −log10 t‐test P‐value. Significantly altered top ranked pathways in IA tissues compared with STA tissues. Interaction network of tissue downregulated proteins in IA group compared to STA group. Western blot validation of selected protein (PDLIM1) differentially expressed between STA and IA. Downregulation of PDLIM1 in IA tissue as compared to STA tissue was confirmed. Immunoblots showing expression differences of PDLIM1 in STA and IA specimens are shown in the left panel using β‐tubulin as the loading control. The semi‐quantitative densitometric measurement of blot bands is summarized in the lower panel. Error bars indicate standard deviations (three biological replicates for each group, two‐tailed Student’s t‐test, * P‐value < 0.05).

10). Opsonized nanoparticles target and regulate macrophage polarization for osteoarthritis therapy: A trapping strategy. Journal of Controlled Release, 2022 (PubMed: 35489544) [IF=10.8]

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Tubulin beta Antibody - #AF7011

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